Pay Fidyah (Ransom for The Inability to Fast)

Elderly or those who are sick in which their sickness are unable to be cured.
1. Allah says (which means), “And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed 'al-miskin' (poor person) (for every day)....” (Al-Baqarah: 184)

Ibn Abbas radiyallahu ‘anhuma said, “this verse is not being eliminated (its ruling). This verse is applicable for those who are old or elderly women who are not able to fast. Therefore, they are obliged to feed a poor person as much as the day that they are not fasting” (Narrated by al-Daruqutni, with its sanad considered as sahih)

وعَن أَنَس بنِ مَالِك رضي الله عنه أَنَّه ضَعُف عَن الصَّومِ عَامًا فَصَنَع جفنَةَ ثَريدٍ ودَعَا ثَلاثِين مِسكِينًا فَأشبَعَهُم. رواه الدارقطني وصحيحه الألباني.

On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik radiyallahu 'anhu, it was when he was not able to fast for one specific year (for one month), he then made a flour dough and invited 30 poor people, he then made them full. (Narrated by al-Daruqutni, considered sahih by al-Albani)

2. A pregnant or breastfeeding woman if she is worried of her and her children’s health.

On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik radiyallahu 'anhu, The Prophet sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam said, “Indeed Allah has erased any obligation to fast and half of salah for traveler and he has eliminated any obligation to fast for pregnant women and those who give breastfeed.” (Narrated by al-Turmudhi and al-Nasa’i; considered sahih by al-Albani)

There is also another narration from Ibn Abbas, that he saw one of his female slave who is pregnant or breastfeeding (while fasting), then he said, “You are one of those people who are not able to fast. Then you are obliged to pay fidyah (ransom) and not needed to make up the fasting.” (Narrated by al-Daruqutni; with sahih sanad)

There is also one narration from Malik from Nafi’, that Ibn Umar radiyallahu 'anhuma was asked about pregnant women who are worried about their children (while fasting), he said, “She is allowed to breakfast and feed the poor person with a handful of wheat as many as days that she does not fast.” (Narrated by al-Baihaqi from the way of Imam Shafi’i; with its sanad considered sahih)


THE MEASUREMENT FOR FIDYAH (RANSOM)

1. A half of sa’ (+ 1,5 kg) wheat or bur (one type of wheat) or rice or any other raw staple food.

2. One portion of food for a poor person that make him full.